TEST INFO

The following terms are NOT on the test (Sec 4):  Erasmus, Brueghel, Printing Press, Northern Renaissnace,  Thomas More, Guttenburg, and Jan van Eyck

Test:  13 Test Bank Bank Qs,  21 old book Qs,  22 Classwork Qs,  6 HW Qs

The terms are defined in the comments below. 

Help each other out in the comments section.

Good Luck

Comments

[Adams]

A-Team
SECTION 1
Rebirth of .. . (cw) Renaissance means “rebirth” The Rebirth of europe after 1000 years of ignorance and dark ages. Renaissance humanists believed that they lived in a special time of the rediscovery of . . .

“Dark Ages” (cw): Perjorative (negative) term for the middle ages coined by Renaissance thinkers (Petrarch) . Renaissance thinkers considered the 1000 years after the fall of Rome (476 A.D.) as a period of superstition and ignorance (and that they were living in a new period of learning!) Modern Historians do not use this term.

Petrarch (323): “Father of Humanism” 1304-1374 Early figure in the Renaissance. He wanted a return to classical learning. Significance? Got the renaissance ball rolling.

Florence (320): One of the 5 major Italian city-states.
1) was the home-base for the Medici family. The most powerful banking family in Europe.
2) had the appearance of a Republic, but was really an oligarchy of businessmen
3) was the center of the cultural renaissance.

Constantinople (324-25): (Know the location)
At the beginning of the chapter: Capital of the shrinking/decaying eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantine Empire).
During this chapter: The Ottoman turks, who have been steadily conquering chunks of Byzantium, finally conquer Constantinople in 1453. ..and change its name to Istanbul.
Significance: As important christians flee the conquest, they bring greek cultural artifacts/writings to the Italian peninsula.

Fall of Constantinople (324-25): During this chapter, The Turks finally conquered the last holdout of the old Byzantine Empire, the capital at Constantinople. The Turks changed the name to Istanbul and made it the capital of their Ottoman Empire. Fleeing greeks brought much of their artifacts and works to Italy, fueling a greco-roman fad in Italy (called the Renaissance)

City States (319). Italy did not exist as a political entity. It was divided between 5 major cities-states (Florence, Milan, Papal States, Venice, Naples)

The Medicis (320-21): Famous Banking family in Florence. Kinda like the first Mob family. Patrons of the renaissance arts. Significance: Patrons of the arts in Florence.

Patrons (cw) : Financiers of Renaissance art. Somebody had to pay those artist guys. Wealthy families (the Medicis), Cities (Florence), and the Church (Julius II).

Humanism (321+):
Specifically: Renaissance intellectual movement focusing on the Greek and Roman Classics.
Generally: the Renaissance belief that man has inherent value and unlimited potential! Pico’s The Dignity of Man!

Liberal Arts (321): Seven areas of study that formed education (grammar, rhetoric, logic, math, geometry, astronomy & music) based on ancient “classical” values. Notice the absense of “Theology”

Vernacular (323): the local language of an area (not Latin). The Vernacular in France is French; England, english; Vienna, Italian; the American south, english? Latin had been THE language of educated europe; however, many authors had begun to write in their vernacular. Petrach’s sonnets were written in italian, as well as Donte’s Divine Comedy.

The B TEAM
Section 1
Venice, Republic of (319): One of the 5 major Italian city-states.
Powerful commercial city that dominated trade in the Mediterranean.

Milan (319): one of the 5 major Italian City States. That is all.

Naples (319): one of the 5 major Italian City States. That is all.

The Papal States (319): One of the 5 Major Italian City States, centered in Rome.
This was land in central Italy that was governed directly by the church. The pope had Temporal power over this region, in addition to spiritual authority.

Republic (320)
Generally: Originally, any government without a Monarch. Modern definition - any government deriving its authority from the people.
Specifically: Several of the Italian city-states were republics ( Venice, Florence ).

Oligarchy (320):
Any government by “the few.” Aristocracies are a form of Oligarchy (rule by the few, nobles!)
Comes from the old Platonic model of: Monarchy (rule by the one), Oligarchy(rule by the few),
Democracy (rule by the many).
Florence was “officially” a Republic but one that was really dominated by an oligarchy of rich merchant families (businessmen). (no government proclaims itself an oligarchy, they are described that way)

Leonardo Bruni (321): Early Italian Humanist. Just recognize the name and be able to list him in an essay if possible

Baccaccio (323): Early Italian Humanist. example of both humanism and vernacular writings.

Castiglione (323): His book, The Courtier, was a practical guidebook for nobles. He suggested that young nobles behave with class in addition to beating the crap out of people. His suggestions never mention acting in a “good christian” manner. He just focused elsewhere. Example of Renaissance secularism.

Pico (325): Renaissance Humanist and author of “Ode to the Dignity of Man” Believed that man had unlimited potential and was a “chameleon” Example of Neo-Platonism.

“a chameleon” (cw): Pico’s discription of humanity. We have the abilty to be whatever we choose to be. We are not worms in the dirt or victims of cosmic forces. Great example of the “dignity of man”

Valla (326): Renaissance Humanist who used his knowledge of latin to show that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery. The Donation of Constantine was one of the justifications of Papal Supremacy over other archbishops. Contributed to the continual decline of the prestege of the Church with educated people.

Titian (cw): late Italian Renaissance painter. famous for his (secular) portraits.

Neo-Platonism (325): movement within the renaissance that attempted to bring together Christian teaching and the philosophy of ancient Greece. Botticilli’s is a great visual example of this method.

will section one be due in class on tuesday?

Posted by: Boy #1 | Monday, August 24, 2009 at 07:35 PM

"due" just means have it read. and studied.

you wont turn in anything til the test day

SECTION 2

Varsity Terms

Leonardo (329): Renaissance painter that typified the new RATIONAL (scientific) approach to perspective. One of the Big Three of the High Renaissance during the early 1500s. LAST SUPPER MONA LISA

Michelangelo (329): Renaissance Artist. Typified the “Dignity of Man” through his heroic male nudes. One of the Big Three of the High Renaissance during the early 1500s. DAVID, Sistine Chapel.

Donatello (328): Early Renaissance sculptor (early 1400s). His DAVID was the first nude, life-size, statue in the round since the classical era.

Raphael (329): Renaissance painter. One of the Big Three of the High Renaissance during the early 1500s. SCHOOL OF ATHENS, and lots of Madonnas.

Sandro Botticelli (cw): Early Renaissance artist. Mixed christian imagery with classical imagery (neo-platonism). BIRTH OF VENUS.

B-Team

Cesare Borgia (332): Italian leader (punk). Son of the most corrupt pope (Alexaneder VI), Cardinal of the Church. Not exactly a model of christian charity. Did much to harm the reputation of the Church with educated folk.

Julius II (359): Renaissance Pope and Patron of the arts (Sistine Chapel). Typified the excesses and wealth of the Renaissance papacy.

The ends justifythe means (cw): philosophy of Machiavelli. Anything done in pursuit of a good goal will be 1) excused by history or 2) forgotten entirely : )

“a fox & a lion” (cw): suggestion by Macchiavelli that a leader should be tough/brutal to opposition that comes out against him, BUT be sly like a fox against enemies who try to backstab you. Notice, Machiavelli doesn’t suggest you “turn the other

SECTION 5
Treaty of Tordesillas (cw) : Settlement of the divisive issue of New World ownership between
the Spanish and the Portuguese. It was brokered by the Pope based on faulty maps. Spain got
the majority of South America. Portugal got modern day Brazil. Guess which country in South
america speaks portuguese today? no really, guess.
God Gold Glory (cw): Different motives for exploration.
God = missionary zeal, Gold= the $ that was possible, Glory = fame/glory

The B-Team
Prince Henry the Navigator (342):
Brother of the King of Portugal who created a school for navigators and promoted the cause of
exploration. His actions give the Portuguese a head start on the wealth to be gained from
exploration.

Dias (342): 1st to get around Africa (Cape of Good Hope) in the year, proving that another
route to india was possible. His Portuguese backers wanted a southern/eastward route around
Africa to India in order to bypass Arab traders in the mediteranean. Sig: part of the Portuguese
dominance of early exploration.

DeGama (342): 1st to get to Inda. Continued Dias’ route along coast of Africa. Allows Portugal
to bypass Arab traders. Increases Portugals wealth. DeGama takes Dias’ route and goes farther
(because his name is longer!)

Columbus (342): Hired by spain to find a westward approach to india in order to compete
against Portugals wealth-producing eastward route. Starts that whole “new world” thingy
instead.

Cortes (345): Brutally conquered the Aztecs in Mexico. Typified Spanish treatment of natives

Pizarro (345): Brutally conquered the Incas in Peru. Typified Spanish treatment of natives

Conquistadores (345): Spanish conquerors of the new world (Pizarro, Cortez, etc). Typified the
brutality of spanish conquest of the new world

Ecomienda system (349): System of Spanish rule of the new world. Conquestadors were given a
free-hand in governing the native peoples. Very Feudal structure.

The Fuggers (350):
Major Bankers in Northern Europe. Replaced the Italian Medicis as the dominant bankers.
Significance: This shift from Medici to Fuggers is one of many examples of the shift of European
wealth from South to North during this period. Use it in an essay!

[Emily]

will there be an essay question on the test?

[hi]

Where is Constantinople?

[asdfjkl]

are there any map questions?

[wesleya]

between greece and turkey.

but the importance isn't "where" it's "When"

[wesleya]

60 multiple choice. no essay

[taylor]

how much emphasis is the test gonna have on specific dates of the renaissance

[Ryan]

What role do The Moors play in this chapter?

[Jess]

any fill in the blank?

[no woman no cry]

Constantonople is modern day istanbul.

[rusted root]

What are the old book questions and the test bank questions?

[wesleya]

"test bank" = the set of questions that come with every text book. they use the language of the text as answers.

"old book" = a previous text book's test bank. the language is a little different.

no fill in the blanks. only x-choice.

Moors are spanish muslims expelled by I and F.

[taylor]

was isabella and ferdinand the ones in charge of the inquisition?

[Ryan]

thank you

[Jess]

are there any answers for the practice test in the book?

[hi]

What do you mean when for Constantonople?

[Alex Dostaler]

Taylor- yes.

[hi]

What does beaurocracy mean?

[Ryan]

What is "vulgate" and "virtu" as listed in the B-Team terms?

[Lee Williams]

Ryan -

Vulgate (340):
the standard bible of Europe. written in latin. Humanists (Valla & Erasmus??) are beginning to
question the accuracy and style of this translation.
Virtu (?):
Classical morality. Rediscovered by Civic Humanists. It’s a moral system based on excellence &
manhood, not on ‘christian piety’

[Ryan]

thanks lee

[Alex Dostaler]

Great answer, Lee. That helps.

[s.w.]

what did Dante do??

[hi]

temporal power?

[taylor]

temporal power is how the popes have a say in politics and government, i think.

[taylor]

im just not sure about the specifics.

[hi]

thanks so much

[taylor]

he wrote "Devine Comedy" in italian

http://teachers2.wcs.edu/high/bhs/wesleya/AP%20Euro%20Terms/Vernacular.aspx

[taylor]

"divine"

[hi]

Who wrote divine comedy?

[taylor]

also his writings plus petrarch's sonnets made up the cornerstones of italian vernacular literature

[lh]

whats the (cw) in front of some of the terms

[savannah]

dang taylor impressive... and virtu is on page 334 first paragraph

[lh]

whats the (cw) in front of some of the terms

[taylor]

thanks! cw i thnk stands for class work...

[taylor]

dante wrote divine comedy

[Kelsey]

will we need to know the Prince (story we read in class today) for the test?

[Jess]

yea we will cause its on our terms sheet

[Kelsey]

thanks jess

[Jess]

np :) hey who was castiglione?

[fdjkls]

Are the Fuggers a family or a title for a certain group of people?

[wesleya]

kelsey: yes, but only the basics (terms)

CW = classwork

the FALL of constantinople is important because it introduced greek refugees into italy

[Tyree]

He wrote the "The Book of the Courtier" i think

[Jess]

thx Michael :)

[?]

on the terms sheet what does it mean by "why italy?"

[Haley Hatchell]

what is reconquista and Torqemada?

[Tyree]

reconquista was the conquering of the iberian peninsula from the Moors

[Taylor L]

i still don't understand the difference between civic humanism and regular humanism

[Taylor L]

Fuggers= rich banking family from Augsburg who bankrolled the habsburgs. they were the northern version of the Medicis.

[Tyree]

Fuggers represent the shift of power from the south to the north