Test Info

64 Questions
  6: Northern Renaissance (2 are Art)
  2: Early Reformers
  2:  Section 1
18: Germany
14: England
  9: Section 3 (only 4 are about Calvin)
  6: The Catholic Reformation (Trent/Jesuits/Teresa/etc)
  3: Social Stuff
  4: Places (matching)

64 Questions
1-13: Kagan's Test Bank (answers that are quotations from the text)
14-38: Old Test Bank (the wording may be a little unfamiliar)
39-42:  Match the Place to the importance
43-59:  Questions I wrote (usually from Class or the Terms)
60-64:  Questions from an old AP Test (the real deal)

i've got some terms defined in the "comments" below.

Good Luck!

Questions on pages 386-387:  Ignore 3, 4, 5, 13, & 14.   However, several others are on the test.  : )

Comments

[Adams]

Charles V: Germany
Hapsburg Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Determined to stop the spread of Lutheranism.
Led the Catholic German Princes in the civil war against the lutheran princes. Abdicated after the Peace of Augsburg showed that victory was impossible for either side.

St. Peter’s Basilica (368):
The expense of rebuilding St Peters in the Vatican is what prompts Tetzel to sell indulgences, which pisses luther off, which . . .

Cuius Regio, Eius Religio [Whoever reigns, HIS religion] ( RB):
Summation of the Peace of Augsburg 1555 (ended the german religious civil wars). Each prince within the Holy Roman Empire could choose to be Lutheran or Catholic. His turf (and all those living within) would be that religion.
It’s a strange kind of religious toleration (for the leaders only).

Tetzel- sold indulgences for the Catholic church; “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.” got Luther all in a hissy-fit

Martin Luther- German peasant, lawyer, Catholic monk; started Reformation on October 31, 1517 with the 95 thesis against the Catholic church and indulgences. Justification through faith, not works. Every man is his own priest.
• “Address to the Nobility of the German Nation”: document urging German princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany and crate a reformed German church

Indulgences- the forgiveness of sins and purgatory release sold by the Catholic church to fund the building of St. Peter’s and the papacy

95 theses- marks beginning of reformation October 31, 1517, Luther posts 95 arguments against indulgences

Priesthood of all believers- Luther’s belief that every believer is his own priest

Diet of Worms- trial in the Holy Roman Empire that Luther was expected to recant his documents at. He did not and was banished.

Abuses of the Church- includee pluralism (bishops w/ multiple cities to get money) absenteeism (bishops cant be in 2 places at once) nepotism (giving job to family member) and simony (job to the highest bidder)

Luther’s 3 fundamental beliefs- 1) faith, not works 2) each man is his own priest 3) the Bible is the final authority on things spiritual.

Peace of Augsburg (1555)- marked the end of religious warfare in Germany; made Protestantism legal. German Princes get to choose the religion of their country.

Don't forget about:
1555 See above
1517
Wittenburg!!
Saxony!

[Adams]

SECTION 3: Switzerland

Menno Simons (380): Anabaptist
Anabaptist who stressed a rejection of the world. Mennonites and the Amish are descendants of this strand of Anabaptism.
Example of: Once the door to change had been opened, more changes continued to develop.
The Anabaptist were condemned by the Calvinists, Lutherans AND Catholics.

Zurich Switzerland (376): Theocracy
Home of Zwingli’s reformation.
Example of: The tight relationship between governments and all types of church.

Munster (379): Anabaptists
1) site of a little religious lunacy by the Anabaptists.
a. once again, an example how revolutions have a life of their own and go farther than the original reformers intended
2) site of a massacre of Anabaptists by the religious/political authorities.
a. example of the savagery that can accompany religious differences
b. just a taste of things to come next chapter.

Ulrich Zwingly (376): Swiss Reformer
Early Reformer in Switzerland. His reforms went much further than Luther’s. Tried to combine with Luther but couldn’t agree on the Lords Supper (Marburg colloquy). Shows that once the door is open for rebellion, it’s impossible to keep it closed. Revolutions will almost always make more changes than the originators intended.

Marburg Castle (377)
Meeting-place of Luther and Zwingli in an attempt to unite their reformed churches. They failed because of differences in their interpretation of the Lord’s Supper.

John Calvin- 2nd wave of Reformation who creates Calvinism which focuses on predestination and the elect; builds a Calvinist city in Geneva, Switzerland.
Becomes more influential on Protestant look & feel in the long run than Luther

Predestination- Calvin’s belief that everyone’s fate (heaven or hell) is decided by God before birth

The Elect- Calvin’s term for those going to Heaven already chosen by God

Theocracy- government ruled by divine authority (religion). Calvin's Geneva

Anabaptists- Protestants who believed in the separation of church and state and not in violence. RADICALS who were hated by both Catholics & other protestants
- infants should not be baptized
- only christians should attend church
- NO participation in the government

[Adams]

SECTION 6 Stuff
St Teresa of Avila (386): Catholic Reformation
Spanish nun who had mystical visions.
Example of: The new emotionalism/piety of the Catholic Reformation.

Ignatious of Loyola- founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits); was a spanish soldier.
became a soldier of the Pope. Part of the Catholic/Counter Reformation

Counter/Catholic Reformation- the Catholics reform by mixing old a new elements into the church, especially mysticism and monasticism

Jesuits- members of the Society of Jesus; an army of obedient Catholics/scholars

Inquisition- established by the pope to ferret out doctrinal errors and persecute protestants

Council of Trent- meeting that was to decide a compromise in the between the Catholics and Protestants, but because only Catholics could participate left the church in the same conservative fashion. Determined that church doctrine was correct! but that some of the abuses (luxuy, absenteeism etc) needed to be cleaned up.

SECTION 5: ENGLISH STUFF

Thomas Cranmer (381): England
Protestant Sympathizer who helped Henry break with Rome. Became Archbishop of Canterbury and tried to push more reforms on Henry. Architect of Extreme protestant changes under Edward VI. Executed by Mary I.

Thomas Cromwell (381): England
Henry’s advisor who helped orchestrate his break with Rome. He had no real desire for sweeping reforms or interest in religious doctrines

Catherine of Aragon (380): England
1st wife of Henry VIII. Mother of Mary I. Henry’s desire for a divorce from her precipitated England’s break with Rome.

Anne Boleyn (380): England
2nd Wife of Henry VIII. Mother Elizabeth.

Book of Common Prayer (381): England
The book used in the churches in England during the reign of Edward VI. Very Protestant in doctrine and in English!! Not accepted by many because it made a lot of changes from what english churches had been like.
So you are Joe Average. You go to church in 1500 and it’s a good catholic church. You show up one day in 1540, and notice that a couple of changes have been made [no mention of the pope, and lots of references to King Henry]. You go again in 1550 and notice that there have been sweeping changes [priest is married, no similarity to the church service that you attended waaay back in 1500]. So much craziness in one church building. You go back in 1555 and the Catholic Priest is back in the pulpit, the mass is in Latin, and you are slightly confused. Best just keep your mouth shut on what you think about religion.

HenryVIII- King of England who enacts the Act of Supremacy (breaks England from the Catholic church and the authority of the pope) so that he can divorce his first wife Catherine for Anne Boleyn; makes moderate changes in the church; had six wives and three kids

Archbishop of Canterbury- The Religious Head of the church in England
When England was Catholic it had been the highest ranking Bishop in England, when England Broke with Rome it remained the highest ranking CHURCH office. But the King is still the official Head of the Church.

Thomas Cranmer: Archbishop of Canterbury; rules that Henry’s marriage was null and void; rules for Edward VI after Henry VIII’s death. architect of extreme protestant changes under Edward. killed for herasy by Mary

Thomas More- humanist leader who opposes Henry's break with the Catholic chruch; is beheaded for treason by Henry for not acknowledging the Act of Supremacy.

Edward VI- Henry VII’s son by Jane who takes throne at age 9 and is assisted by Cranmer and Cromwell who move church into an extreme protestant direction.

“Bloody” Mary- rules England after the death of Edward VI; is the daughter of Henry VIII by Catherine of Aragon; intends to restore Catholicism and papal authority; isn’t liked because of this and her marriage to PhillipII of Spain. End of her reign leaves England more protestant than ever(??)… Protestantism is viewed as English resistance to Spanish interference. Kills 300 protestants.

Act of Supremecy- declares king as the only supreme head of the Church of England; passed by Henry VIII and again by Elizabeth

The degree of change to English church-
• Henry VIII: rejected the supremacy of the Pope and Rome but kept Catholic Doctrine the same (moderate)
• Edward VI: made the church extremely Protestant; removed celibacy and relics and created new liturgy
• Mary I: made the church extremely Catholic and persecuted Protestants

Don't forget other stuff like the 6 Articles etc.

[Kiersten Stanley]

Do we have to know about the Northern artists?

[Adams]

yes, the ones on the chp 10 terms sheet.

[Katherine]

What is Bohemia? What is it's significance?

[Adams]

Bohemia =
1: modern day Czech Republic
2: Part of H.R.E
3: Jan Hus !!!

[sarah]

can you please remind me of the test-related significance of Saxony? thanks.

[Sara Jarnagin]

All of the following undermined the authority of the medieval church EXCEPT: a. its "exile" in Avignon, b. the Great Schism, c. the Conciliar period, d. its laxity toward heretical movements, or e. the excesses of the Renaissance papacy???????

[Sara Jarnagin]

Luther did not believe in the unimportance of good works right?

[Sara]

are there any answers to the questions in the back of the book?

[Kasey]

Luther was from Saxony and the Duke of Saxony stood by him when everyone wanted to kill him.

Luther said you do works if you are a Christian anyway but they don't define your faith.

[Sara]

do we need to know the TULIP thing for Calvinism?

[Katherine]

What is mysticism and monasticism in relation to the Catholic/counter Reformation?

[Katherine]

Homework Question: What did the major reformers do to the old Humanist Curriculum???

[savannah]

does anyone know where we could get the answers for the questions in the book?

[daigle]

what questions in the book?

[savannah]

the ones at the end of the chapter.... it says that there could be some questions from that and i want to make sure i have the answers right

[Sara]

Katherine: urged careful study history, poetry and other humanist diciplines; replaced scholastic lectures with straight forward historical study; students relied more on primary sources;emphasized greek and hebrew stuff

[Sara]

when it says Luther v Erasmus on the terms sheet does that mean the quotes that we did?

[wesleya]

so far everyone's help has been Right on

Katherine: Mysticism makes a comeback in the Catholic Ref as people want to FEEL religion (Teresa of Avila)

TULIP: NO!!!!!! : )

[savannah]

Sara: it prob means how their views differed. like erasmus was much more cool about it. Luther was very drastic

[Katherine]

How do we find the answers for the book questions???

[wesleya]

in the book ? : )

[wesleya]

kidding;

[savannah]

when it says how many changes did henry make to "his" church, its not looking for a specific number is it?

[Sara]

sacannah: no you just need to know that he made very few changes

[Katherine]

I think it's just the general he "didn't make many, just stopped recognizing the pope as the head of the church"

[savannah]

ok so i get that wycliffe was a moderate guy and huss was more of an extremist, but what exactly were they teaching... the book kinda confused me

[Katherine]

That just because you were high ranking in the church didn't make you a good christian

[Emily]

alright.... significance of wittenburg please

[Katherine]

it's where Luthr posted the 95 theses

[Allison]

From the top of my head Wittenburg was where Luther posted the 95 theses on the castle door. Not sure what else there is to know

[Sara]

were the catholics for monasticism and the protestants against it?

[Katherine]

yes

[Sara]

Why does Mary's reign leave more ppl more protestant than ever??

[sarah]

what is monaticism??

[ME!]

Do we need to know the dates that are listed, or should we just pay attention to the ones such as 1517, 1648, 1555, etc. ya know, the big dates?

[mike]

who were the early reformers

[Erika]

Luther taught at Wittenburg, and it was central place of Lutheranism, amirite?

[Emily]

what the heck is this question asking??
"how many doctrinal concessions were made to protestant ideas..."

[ME!]

Emily:
I think that would be how many things changed/were taught differently to protestants and their ideas. throughout the reformation.

[Emily]

and the answer to that would be?? :)

[ME!]

You just asked what it was askin'. I dunno the actual answer! lol
I guess I would think about how many things the Protestants went through, such as through Luther, to the Peace of Augsburg, and the reign of Henry, Edward, Mary, Elizabeth, etc. and how many things changed there.
Like how with Edward, the church changed a lot from how it was. Then with Mary it went back to normal. Then with Elizabeth, people were not afraid to use The Book of Common Prayer, and so on & so forth.

[sarah]

what happened in 1648?

[ME!]

End of Reformation

[Kristen]

what's the importance of Saxony??

[mike]

who were the early reformers

[ME!]

Kristen:
Saxony is Luther's home base. And Fredrick of Saxony is one of the electors for the Diet of Worms, I believe.

[Kiersten Stanley]

Early reformers were John Wycliffe and Jan Huss. Saxony has Wittenberg, where Luther posted his 95 theses.